论最高人民法院指导性案例的识别方法

On the Identification Methods of the Guiding Cases of the Supreme People's Court

最高人民法院发布的指导性案例,是各级人民法院审判类似案例时应当参照的基点案例。参考指导性案例及公报案例的实际运行情况,同时借鉴域外法的案例识别技术,可以得到三个模板:第一,案例要素提取模板,包括裁判文书读解、同类案例整合及"事实—结论"对应三大提取技术;第二,裁判要点解释模板,需要与法律规范、裁判规范与具体事实三个部分的内容进行联动解释,彰显其居于案例细胞分子结构(DNA)核心的价值,注意其形式与实质的解释规则;第三,同类案例适用模板,融基点案例归纳推理、同类案例类比推理与待判案例演绎推理为一体,借鉴卢埃林关于判例法的先例遵循技术、先例规避技术及其他不常见的技术。

The guiding cases issued by the Supreme People＇s Court are the base-point cases that people＇s courts at all levels should draw reference from when trying the similar cases.Three templates can be got from the reference of actual operation of the guiding case and publicized cases by the Supreme People＇s Court and the experience of case identification technologies of foreign law system.The first one is case elements extraction template,including three extraction technology,judgment documents reading,similar cases integration and＂fact—conclusion＂correspondence.The second one is the judgment points explanation template,which asks for linkage explanation with three parts,legal norm,judgment norm and the specific fact,to show its core value of a case,just like the DNA to molecular structure in a cell,and attention should be paid on the explanation rules of the form and essence at the same time.The third is similar cases suitable template.It integrates the inductive reasoning of base-point cases,the analogical reasoning of similar cases and deduction reasoning of pending case,and draws experience from stare decisis technique,precedent avoidance technique and other uncommon technique of case law by Llewellyn.