非结构式团体心理咨询过程中领导者干预技术的定性研究

A qualitative research of leaders' intervention techniques in process of unstructured group counseling

目的:探讨团体心理咨询领导者在非结构式团体心理咨询过程中的干预技术。方法:分析素材为两个非结构式团体心理咨询的11次活动过程。以团体心理咨询过程中领导者口语反应的每一对话段落为分析单元,根据自编团体领导者干预技术分类与编码表,对活动的录像逐字稿中出现的干预技术进行编码。结果:共发现48项技术,分为基本沟通与反应技术、探索与深化技术、催化团体过程技术和行动化干预技术四类。从单次活动看,基本沟通与反应技术在前中期使用较多,探索和深化技术、行动化干预技术在中后期使用较多,催化团体技术在前期、后期使用较多。从整体进程看,基本沟通与反应技术、探索与深化技术是两类主要干预技术;探索与深化技术在活动中期达到最高值;催化团体过程技术使用逐渐减少。结论:基本沟通与反应技术是基础性的团体干预技术,探索和深化技术以及行动化干预技术可以在团体有所发展的基础上使用,而催化团体过程技术可促进团体的开启,并深化团体心理咨询工作成果。

Objective： To explore the intervention techniques of group counseling leader （＂ group leader＂） during group counseling process. Methods： The analysis material of intervention techniques was 11 sessions in two unstructured counseling groups. The analysis unit was every dialogue paragraph in the leader＂ soral response in the group counseling process. And the leaders＂ intervention techniques emerging in the video and verbatim transcription were coded according to adapted coding manual. Results： Totally 48 types of techniques were identified, that were grouped into 4 categories, including basic communication and reaction technique, exploring and influencing tech- nique, facilitating technique, action and intervention technique. From the perspective of the single group counseling activity, techniques of basic communication and reaction were used more in the early and middle stage of an activi- ty. Techniques of exploring and influencing and techniques of action and intervention were used more in the middle and later stage. And facilitating techniques were more used in the early and later stage. From the perspective of thewhole grouping counseling process, techniques of basic communication and reaction and techniques of exploring and influencing were two primary types of intervention techniques. Frequency of using exploring and influencing tech- niques reached its peak in the intermediate stage of the group counseling process. The use of facilitating technology was gradually reduced. Conclusions： Techniques of basic communication and reaction are basic intervention tech- niques in group counseling, while techniques of exploring and influencing and techniques of action and intervention could be used on the basis of the development of the group. And facilitating techniques could facilitate to open the group and deepen the achievement of grouo counseling.