我国转型期居民间财富差距问题的主要矛盾及新型财富分配制度构建

The Major Contradiction of the Wealth Gap among Residents and the Construction of a New Wealth Distribution System in the Transitional Period of China

我国转型期居民间财富差距问题的主要矛盾是结构和利益失衡,具体表现为居民间财富分布的不平等程度已经比较严重,城乡居民之间的财富差距巨大,不同行业人群的财富差距不断增大和中等收入者群体比重严重偏低等。导致财富差距不断扩大的具体原因包括劳资利益关系失衡、市场经济缺陷问题、财税体制缺陷问题、城乡二元结构、地区或行业的发展质量和发展愿景、财产结构和财产价值的变化,以及受到隐形收入、灰色收入影响等。实现共同富裕,构建与中国特色社会主义基本经济制度相适应的财富分配制度,需要在核心价值取向上,坚持马克思主义公平和正义的价值观;在制度功能上,形成有利于财富创造和财富合理分配的制度功能体系;在制度构建上,形成国家干预和市场机制共同起作用的多层次收入分配调节机制;在具体的政策实施层面,注重从初次分配领域、再次分配领域和三次分配领域调节收入分配和财富分配差距。

China＇s Major contradiction of the wealth gap in the transitional period is the imbalance of structure and interests. The inequality of the wealth distribution among residents is quite serious. There is a huge wealth gap between urban and rural resi- dents. The wealth gap among different industries is increasing. The proportion of mid- income residents is seriously low. The reasons for the widening wealth gap include the imbalance of the relationship of labor and capital, the defects of fiscal and taxation sys- tem, the defects of market economy, the dual structure of urban and rural areas, re- gional and industrial development quality and development vision, changes of the prop- erty structure and property value, as well as the effects of invisible income and gray in- come. To realize common prosperity and to construct the wealth distribution system compatible with the basic economic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we need to adhere to Marx＇s values of justice in the core value orientation. In function respect, we should build a system which is good for wealth creation and wealth distri- bution. In construction respect, we should build a multi-level regulatory mechanism of income distribution including government intervention and market system. In specific measures respect, we should readjust income distribution and wealth gap by primary distribution, secondary distribution and tertiary distribution.