“三权”分置改革下农民财产性收入的特点和发展趋势

The Characteristics and Development Trend of Farmers' Property Income under the Reform of “Separation of Land Rights”

党的十八届三中全会《决定》提出"赋予农民更多财产权利","探索农民增加财产性收入渠道"。党的十九大报告提出实施乡村振兴战略,"完善承包地‘三权’分置制度","拓宽居民劳动收入和财产性收入渠道"。近年来我国农村开展的以"三权"分置为核心的农地产权制度改革,对农民财产性收入产生着深远影响。本文追溯了"三权"分置改革的政策演变,剖析了农村土地权利的内涵和相互关系,认为当前我国农民财产性收入来源多样化,土地流转收益、房租和集体资产股份分红等收入已成为重要组成部分。随着"三权"分置改革的推进和完善,农民财产性收入在持续快速发展的同时,也将出现渠道更为多元、资源禀赋依赖加大、征地补偿收入降低、收入分化进一步加剧等发展趋势。

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made the ＂De- cision＂ to ＂give farmers more property rights＂ and ＂explore the ways to increase farmers＇ property income＂ . The report of the 19th National Congress of CPC puts for- ward the strategy of rural revitalization, which suggests to ＂improve＂ and to ＂broaden the channels of residents＇ labor income and property income＂ . In recent years, the re- form of rural land property rights system, which focuses on the ＂Separation of Land Rights＂, has exerted a profound influence on farmers＇ property income. This paper traces the evolution of the ＂Separation of Land Rights＂ reform, and analyzes the con- notation and interrelations of rural land rights. In recent years, farmers have diversified property income sourses, including land transfer revenue, rent and dividend income of collective assets as important parts. With the development and the improvement of the ＂separation of land rights＂ reform, farmers＇ property income will continue developing rapidly. There will also be trends including more diversified channels, a growing de- pendence on resource endowments, a fall of land acquistion compensation income and further development of income disparity.