城市社区暴雨脆弱性评估研究--以上海市杨浦区为例

On Rainstorm Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Community:A Case Study on Yangpu District in Shanghai

随着快速城市化的推进,城市不同区域呈现出各异的灾害暴露度和脆弱性特征。文章以城市社区(街镇)为基本单元,研究了上海暴雨脆弱性与物理脆弱性、社会脆弱性和适应能力三个要素的关系,并在综合考虑指标数据的可得性基础上,进一步以房屋脆弱性、地形脆弱性、地面透水脆弱性、人口脆弱性、经济适应性和排水适应性为二级指标,构建了上海暴雨灾害脆弱性评估指标体系和评估模型。并将该模型运用到杨浦区社区暴雨灾害脆弱性评估,对指标体系应用于上海城市社区的适用性、实用性进行初步检验。在此基础上提出了一系列对策建议,包括通过提升整体排水设施的建设标准,对未达标的区域进行综合改造,加强海绵城市建设,提高社区透水性等针对性措施,有效减低社区暴雨脆弱性,最终减少暴雨灾害对社区的影响。

With the rapid urbanization, different areas of the city show a variety of disaster exposure and vulnerability characteristics. Analyzing the facts that would influence rainstorm vulnerability in urban community and considering the availability of data comprehensively, we construct Shanghai Rainstorm Vulnerability Index and assessment model with physical vulnerability, social vulnerability and capacity as first level indicators, and architecture vulnerability, landscape vulnerability, surface permeability vulnerability, population vulnerability, economic capacity, and drainability as second level indicators. Then the model is applied to the rainstorm vulnerability assessment in urban communities in Yangpu District, Shanghai. The applicability and practicability of the index system is preliminarily tested. Such countermeasures as upgrading construction standard of urban drainage, conducting comprehensive renovation of substandard areas, and enhancing surface permeability to construct ＂sponge city＂ are proposed to reduce vulnerability and impact of rainstorm in urban community.