农村家庭养老的家国责任边界

Responsibility of Rural Family Support for the Aged:Boundary Between Government and Family

随着农村养老保障体系的建立,国(政府)进入了家庭养老供给层面。国对家承担了更多责任,这是善治发展的必然逻辑。但在家庭养老责任分配上,国与家的责任边界该划在哪里?这个边界的模糊会导致家国责任的相互推诿。通过对福利国家理论、自由主义福利观点与福利多元主义的论述,指出了三种理论在中国农村家庭养老应用中的困惑。为保障农村老人的权益,在元治理指引下,首先从物质赡养、精神赡养以及赡养人的法律责任上明确了家国责任边界;其次从制度设计、法律惩戒、政策支持以及文化倡导上明确了国在家庭养老中的责任;从提高责任意识、遵从道德和法律责任方面明确了家庭的养老责任。双方边界的厘定和责任划分,既有助于理论上的贡献,也有助于农村家庭养老责任的落实。

With the establishment of basic old-age security system in rural areas,the government has entered the family pension supply level.The state takes more responsibility to the family,which is the inevitable logic of good governance development.But in the allocation of family pension responsibility,how should we delimit the responsibility of the government and the family？The ambiguity of this boundary will lead to mutual prevarication between government and family responsibilities.According to the theory of the welfare state,the liberal welfare and welfare pluralism is discussed,and this paper points out the theoretical confusion and practical problems existing in the application of the three theories in rural family support for the aged in China.In order to protect the rights and interests of the elderly in rural areas,the following suggestions are put forward.First of all,from the aspects of material support,spiritual support and legal liability of the dependents,the boundary of responsibility between the state and the family is defined.Secondly,from the system design,legal punishment,policy support and cultural advocacy,the government＇s responsibility in the family support for the elderly is defined.Thirdly,from the sense of responsibility,moral responsibility should be complied with and legal responsibility be abided by in clarifying the family＇s pension responsibility.Determination and responsibility division of responsibilities between the two boundaries contributes not only to the theoretical contribution,but also to the implementation of rural family pension responsibility.