废旧印刷线路板矿浆电解过程中金属的浸沉规律

Leaching and electrodeposition regularities of metals from waste printed circuit boards by slurry electrolysis

以废旧印刷线路板粉末(WPCBs)为原料,采用矿浆电解法回收WPCBs中金属,研究CuSO_4·5H_2O浓度、NaCl浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流大小、WPCBs加入量和电解时间对矿浆电解过程中金属的浸出和电沉积规律的影响。结果表明:CuSO_4·5H_2O浓度、WPCBs加入量对WPCBs中金属浸出率影响不大,增加NaCI浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流和电解时间有利于WPCBs中金属浸出;增加NaCl浓度、H_2SO_4浓度和电解时间有利于WPCBs中金属沉积,而增加CuSO_4·5H_2O浓度、WPCBs加入量和电流不利于金属沉积。当CuSO_4·5H_2O浓度、NaCl浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流、WPCBs加入量和电解时间分别为30 g·L^(-1)、60 g·L^(-1)、170 g·L^(-1)、0.5A、3g和9h时,WPCBs中金属的浸出率和沉积率分别为92.28%和67.04%。

Several factors that influence metals leaching and electrodeposition from waste printed circuit boards （WPCBs） powders in slurry electrolysis were studied. The parameters, such as the concentration of CuSO4·5H2O, NaCl and H2SO4, electric current, WPCBs dosage and electrolytic time were examined in detail. The results indicated that the CuSO4·5H2O concentration and the WPCBs dosage show little effect on metal leaching and electrodeposition. Increasing the concentrations of NaCl and H2SO4, the electrical current and the electrolytic time have enhanced metal leaching. Increasing the concentrations of NaCl and H2SO4, the electrolytic time have promoted metals electrodeposition, whereas the increase of the concentration of CuSO4·5H2O, the WPCBs dosage and the current have demoted the electrodeposition of metals. The metals recovery rate in leachate and on the cathode have reached to 92.28% and 67.04%, respectively in an electrolytic system where 3 g of WPCBs powers was immerged in 100 mL of solution containing 30 g·L-1 CuSO4·5H2O, 60 g·L-1 NaCl and 170 g·L-1 H2SO4 undergone an electrolysis at a current of 0.5 A for 9 h.