猪肾脏血管分支和伴行的铸型研究

Study on the casts of the branching and accompanying characteristics of renal blood vessels in porcine

本试验旨在探究猪肾动脉、肾静脉的分支及伴行特点,为肾脏疾病的诊断和治疗提供形态学基础。运用ABS（丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯）铸型技术,对30个猪肾脏进行肾动脉、肾静脉单独和联合灌注。结果显示,猪肾动脉为1条,在进入肾门之前已分支,分支类型为前、后干型和背、腹干型,且以前、后干型较为多见。前、后干型中,前干在肾窦内分成一背侧支和一腹侧支,再由背、腹侧支发出肾脏前端和中部背、腹侧的各肾段动脉。后干不分出背、腹侧支,而是由主干直接发出肾脏中部和整个后端背、腹侧的各肾段动脉。前干血液供应范围大于后干。背、腹干型中,背干直接分出肾脏前端和中部背侧的各肾段动脉。腹干分为一前侧支和一后侧支,前侧支发出肾脏前端和中部腹侧的各肾段动脉,后侧支发出肾脏中部腹侧和后端背、腹侧的各肾段动脉。腹干血液供应范围显著大于背干。各级动脉间未见吻合。猪肾静脉为1条,在肾窦内由前干静脉和后干静脉汇聚而成。前干静脉收集肾脏前端和部分中部背、腹侧的血液,后干静脉收集肾脏部分中部和后端背、腹侧的血液,各同级或者不同级静脉之间均存在吻合,分级越小吻合越广泛。肾脏动脉和静脉间的伴行,随管径变细而更加紧密。结果表明,猪肾脏背部和腹部的血液供应随分支类型的不同而存在差异。静脉血液回流通路形式多样。

To explore the branching and accompanying characteristics of the porcine renal artery and vein,provide the morphological basis for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.The ABS（acrylonitrile butadiene styrene）casting technique was used to conduct individual and combined perfusion of renal arteries and renal veins in 30 porcine kidneys in this study.The results showed that the porcine had one renal artery,the branches have been given off before entering the hilus renalis,the branching types including the cranial and caudal trunk type,the dorsal and ventral trunk type,and the cranial and caudal trunk type was more common.In the cranial and caudal trunk type,the cranial trunk was bifurcated into a dorsal branch and a ventral branch in the renal sinus,from which the segmental arteries were origined and radiated into the dorsal and ventral of the cranial and middle parts of kidney.The caudal trunk,however,went into the renal sinus without the bifurcation,and the segmental arteries were directly radiated from it,these segmental arteries supplied blood to the dorsal and ventral of the middle and entire caudal parts of kidney.The blood supply ranges of the cranial trunk were greater than the caudal trunk.In the dorsal and ventral trunk type,the dorsal trunk directly gave off the segmental arteries into the dorsal of the cranial and middle parts of kidney.The ventral trunk was bifurcated into a cranial branch and a caudal branch in the renal sinus,the cranial branch gave off the segmental arteries supplied the ventral of the cranial and middle parts of kidney,the ventral of middle parts and entire caudal parts of kidney were supplied by the segmental arteries from the caudal branch.The blood supply ranges of ventral trunk were significantly greater than the dorsal trunk.No anastomose was seen both between the segmental arteries or the trunks.The renal vein was converged in renal sinus by a cranial trunk and a caudal trunk.The blood of the dorsal and ventral of the cranial and middle parts of kidney were collected by the cranial trunk.The caudal trunk mainly collected the blood from the dorsal and ventral of the middle and caudal parts of kidney.The anastomoses were widely existed between the different levels renal veins.The accompanying relationships between renal arteries and renal veins were more closely related to the thinning of the caliber.The results suggested that the blood supply of the dorsal and ventral of porcine kidney were varied with the branching types.The returning paths of venous blood were unrestricted.