三十六种植物精油对淡色库蚊的熏蒸活性评价

Evaluation of fumigation activity of thirty-six essential oils against Culex pipiens pallens(Diptera:Culicidae)

【目的】发现具有较高杀蚊活性的植物精油,可为新型植物源蚊虫防控剂产品的开发提供有价值的材料。【方法】本研究采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法和密闭圆筒法评价了36种植物精油对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens成蚊的熏蒸击倒活性和熏蒸致死活性。【结果】三角瓶密闭熏蒸法测定结果表明,在12μL/L的供试浓度下,马尾松叶油、辛夷油、红叶石楠叶油、玳玳叶油、东北连翘油、野生紫苏叶油、石香薷油、茶树油、香根油和独活油对淡色库蚊成蚊的KT_(50)均在10 min以内,其中马尾松叶油的击倒速度最快,KT_(50)仅为3.40 min;红叶石楠叶油和柚子油对淡色库蚊的熏蒸致死活性较好,24 h的LC_(50)值分别为0.95和1.11μL/L。密闭圆筒法验证表明,马尾松叶油在12μL/L浓度下对淡色库蚊的KT_(50)值为13.79 min;红叶石楠叶油在1.67μL/L浓度下对淡色库蚊熏蒸致死率达100%。【结论】马尾松叶油和红叶石楠叶油对淡色库蚊具有较强的熏蒸活性,具有开发蚊虫防控剂的潜力。

【Aim】 This study aims to obtain essential oils with higher bioactivities so as to provide more valuable materials for mosquito prevention and control. 【Methods】 The fumigation activity of thirty-six essential oils against Culex pipiens pallens adults was evaluated by airtight fumigation in sealed conical flasks or hermetic round canisters. 【Results】 The results of fumigation assay in sealed flasks showed that 10 essential oils including Pinus massoniana leaf oil, Magnolia oil, red moor besom leaf oil, dai-dai leaf oil, Forsythia oil, Perilla leaf oil, Elsholtzia oil, tea tree oil, vetiver oil, and Angelica oil possessed high toxicity against C. pipiens pallens adults with low KT50 values （〈10 min） at 12 μL/L, and P. massoniana leaf oil exhibited the highest fumigation activity with the KT50 value of 3.40 min. The fumigation of red moor besom leaf oil and grapefruit oil caused higher mortality rates at 24 h after treatment, with the LC50 values of 0.95 and 1.11 μL/L, respectively. The results of fumigation assay in hermetic round canisters revealed that the KT50 value of P. massoniana leaf oil against C. pipiens pallens adults was 13.79 min at the concentration of 12 μL/L, and the mortality rate of C. pipiens pallens adults caused by red moor besom leaf oil at the concentration of 1.67 μL/L was 100%. 【Conclusion】 P. massoniana leaf oil and red moor besom leaf oil have strong fumigation activity against C. pipiens pallens adults, and both oils thus hold great potential to be developed as mosquito control agents.