正当防卫主观条件的称谓及内容辨析

Analysis on Terms and Contents of Subjective Condition of Proper Defence

我国刑法理论通说认为,成立正当防卫,防卫人必须具有明确的防卫意图,但我国刑法理论对正当防卫之主观条件的理解标准过高以及刑事立法对其内容的规定较苛刻,限制了正当防卫的成立范围,应当予以修正。就中国目前刑法理论的发展趋势来看,用防卫意思指称正当防卫之主观条件更为科学。重新建构正当防卫主观方面的内容,即防卫人认识到不法侵害正在进行并想避免这种不法侵害的心理状态,但不包括防卫动机与防卫目的。因此,防卫目的与动机不是正当防卫的必备条件。

The criminal theory in China believes that in proper defence,the doer should have definite defending intention.But Chinese criminal theories overestimate the subjective condition of proper denfence and are strict with its criminal legislation and contents,thus limiting the scope of proper defence.This should be corrected.From the development trend of criminal theories,the defence consciousness can replace the subjective condition of proper denfence,which is more scientific.In reconstructing the contents of subjective conditions,we emphasize that the doer realizes the illegal violation and mentally tries to avoid.But this psychological state does not include the denfence motive and purpose.Therefore,defence purpose and motive are not the necessary condition of proper defence.