家庭暴力中目睹儿童代际传递的研究现状综述

A Literature Review of Child Witness of Domestic Violence and Its Intergenerational Transmission

近年来,家庭暴力问题日益严峻,不仅使受虐者权益受到侵害,也会对目睹儿童产生严重后果。目睹儿童可能会通过观察、模仿、强化、合理化来习得家暴行为,在成年后出现因原生家庭暴力行为而影响自己的核心家庭的倾向,形成家庭暴力代际传递。总体来看,国外学者比较强调理论研究和实证分析,通过案例归纳、对照比较、多年跟踪调查等发现儿童在目睹家庭暴力后存在应激性创伤后精神障碍(PTSD)和暴力行为代际传递的可能性,并为目睹儿童干预的实效性研究提供了量化标准。我国学者通过临床实验、归纳分析得出家庭暴力会使目睹儿童产生生理、心理和认知行为方面的问题,并注意到目睹儿童可能习得暴力行为机制。但目前的研究还存在一定局限性,比如对目睹儿童群体的关注还不多,缺乏对该群体家庭暴力代际传递的研究,专业评估与介入的阐述也相对不足,尚未出现相对系统性、全面性的综述。未来研究的重点应放在强化理论分析、探索介入模式和深入本土化研究上。

In recent years, domestic violence has been so severe that it not only causes the injuries of the victims,but also has serious impact on children witnesses who are exposed to family violence in the long term. Childrenwho witness domestic violence can learn violent behavior through observation, imitation, reinforcement, andrationalization. There is also a tendency that domestic violence in the biological families will affect their ownfamilies when they grow up, forming the intergenerational transmission of domestic violence. In general, foreignscholars emphasize the theoretical research and empirical analysis. Through case study,comparison, contrast,andfollow-up survey, they find that witness children may get post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） and pass theabuse pattern to the next generation, and offer quantitative criteria for the effectiveness of interventions forwitness children. Through clinical trials and inductive analysis, Chinese scholars find witness children may haveproblems in physiological, psychological and cognitive behaviors, and notice the possible violence acquisitionmechanism among witness children. However, there are still some limitations, such as few studies were aboutchildren who witness domestic violence and interpretation of professional appraisal and intervention isinsufficient, with no summary that is comparatively systematic and comprehensive. In future, research emphasisshould be put on strengthening theoretical analysis, exploring intervention model and deepening of indigenizedresearches .