电站泄流对乌江渡码头河段航行影响改善研究

Improving measures for navigation condition of Wujiangdu Port on Wujiangdu Hydropower Station discharge

为解决乌江渡水电站泄流作用下电站下游乌江渡码头进港困难问题,文章采用二维数学模型对水流进行模拟结合航行阻力分析方法,对乌江渡码头河段通航水流条件进行研究。首先对恒定流通航条件进行了分析,发现了恒定流碍航基本发生在最低通航流量。然后基于电站一些典型泄流过程,采用10 min水位变率、流速和比降分析非恒定流历时变化,研究了电站泄流传递过程对通航水流条件的影响。最后针对电站泄流引起泄水波波锋所到河段局部比降、流速快速增大,进而导致通航水流条件恶化问题,提出了"对航道进行理直、拓宽"优化航道布置形式结合"电站泄流由单次改为延时多次"调整枢纽泄流方式的改善措施,基本解决了乌江渡码头通航水流碍航问题。上述成果为改善类似碍航问题提供了参考。

In order to solve the difficult problem of entering port and berthing for Wujiangdu Port under Wujiangdu Hydropower Station discharge,the method of two-dimensional mathematical model simulating water flow and combined analysis for ship sailing resistance was used to study the navigable flow condition of Wujiangdu Port.Firstly the constant flow navigable condition was analyzed,and it was derived that the constant flow obstruction occurred at the lowest navigable discharge. Then based on some typical discharge processes of the power station,the influence of the discharge process of the power station on the navigation flow condition was studied with water level change in 10 minutes,velocity and gradient. When discharge wave arrived from the station,the local gradient and flow velocity increased rapidly,and the navigation conditions deteriorated. In view of this problem,the measures of combining the optimization layout of straightening and widening the channel with the adjustment of hydropower station discharge mode were proposed,and the navigation obstruction problem of Wujiangdu Port was basically solved. The results can provide reference for improving similar navigation obstruction problem.