不同类型聚氨酯微孔膜的制备与性能

Preparation and Properties of Different Types of Polyurethane Microporous Membranes

分别以四种聚氨酯（PU）为基体材料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为溶剂,加入氧化石墨,利用相转化法制得PU膜。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察膜的结构,再通过成膜动力学、孔隙率、吸湿率、透气性以及力学性能等测试,对共混膜的性能进行表征。结果表明：与纯PU膜相比,添加氧化石墨可使PU膜的综合性能显著提高,大孔结构大幅度减少,界面微孔数量增多,且无论是聚醚型PU膜还是聚酯型PU膜的成膜速率、孔隙率、吸湿率、透气性、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率均有提高。当聚醚型PU的软段比例较高时,PU膜的改性效果最佳。

The PU films were prepared by using phase inversion method with four kinds of polyurethane（PU） as base material, respectively, and N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF） as solvent. The structure of the films were observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and the properties such as film kinetics, porosity, moisture absorption, air permeability and mechanical properties of the blends were characterized. The results show that compared with pure PU films, the addition of graphite oxide could improve the comprehensive performance of PU film. The large pore structure is greatly reduced and the number of interface micropores is increased. Whether it is polyether-PU films or polyester-PU films, the rate of film formation, porosity, moisture absorption, permeability, tensile strength and elongation at break of PU films were improved. When the proportion of soft segment of polyether-PU is higher, the modification effect of PU film is the best.