“双一流”建设中政策工具选择与运用的问题及对策

Policy Analysis of“Double Top Construction Plan” from the Perspective of Policy Tools

本文运用麦克唐纳尔和艾莫尔的政策工具分析框架,通过对政策文本的编码、统计及比较分析,发现"双一流"建设中政策工具的选择与使用具有以下特点:"双一流"的政策工具类型呈现多样化与综合化,但缺乏科学的组合配置;命令性政策工具使用过溢,忽视"双一流"建设中高校间和学科间的差异;政策工具偏向短期效益,不利于实现高等教育强国的长远目标;《总体方案》与《实施办法》的政策工具使用发生明显偏移,系统化程度不高。因此,在今后的"双一流"建设推进过程中,建议优化政策工具之间的组合配置,提高政策工具与"双一流"不同目标群体需求间的契合性,政策工具使用要兼顾的"双一流"的短期效益和长期目标,增强"双一流"政策体系中政策工具使用的系统性。

Through the coding, calculating and analyzing of the policy based on Lorraine M. McDonnell and Richard F. Elmore＇s framework of policy tool analysis, we can conclude that the choice and use of policy tools in ＂Double Top Construction Plan＂ have the following characteristics. Firstly, policy tools are diversified and integrated but lack of scientific combination and configuration. Secondly, the use of command policy tools has been excessive, but it has ignored the differences between universities and disciplines. Thirdly, the choice and use of policy tools is based on short-term benefits but ignoring the long-term returns. Lastly, in the process of policy implementation, the use of policy tools is obviously offset and lacking of systematization. As a result, we suggest that government optimize the portfolio allocation between policy tools, fit the character of the policy tools and the demand of policy target groups, enhance the integrity and consistency, and take short-term and long-term returns into consideration when using policy tools in the further implementation of the ＂Double Top Construction Plan＂.