由乡村基层治理到国家治理-韩国农协结构性市场化改革的根源与中国启示

From Rural Grassroots Governance to National Governance——The Origin of the Market-oriented Structural Reform of Korean NACF and Its Revelation to China

韩国曾经经历国家管控农协到农协独立治理的历史进程,2012年以来实行结构性市场化改革,直面市场竞争,以农协设立全资控股的金融和经济两大公司及对原属农协所有大小实业公司,进行股权改造,规划流通布局,倡导农协理念教育,力图打造农协法团与工商公司密切合作的新型集团。这场改革的意义已经超越了农协本身,向着农协协同国家治理的方向行进。其在处理农协与公司、公益与商业的目标冲突;持续打造既不同于行政控制、又不同于市场放任、可持续成长的第三条道路;持续增进基层综合农协的能力;通过农协教育的软实力引领乡村事业发展等方面,为中共十九大以后中国的乡村振兴提供了一种参照系。

Korea's National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(NACF) has witnessed a development history from the government regulation to the self-independent management. After the market-oriented structural reform in 2012, NACF seperated into two wholly owned holdings companies,i.e.NongHyup Agribusiness Goup and NongHyup Financial Group, and restructured the ownerships of the old industrial corporations which attached to NACF before. NACF has made new business plannings and advocated NACF ideology promotion in new periods, striving for a new NACF Corporation mechanism of cooperations among governmental organizations and business corporations. The restructuring impacts of NACF have gone much beyond NACF itself. New forms of NACF's cooperation with government agencies in governance emerge, happening in conciliation of the goals conflicts among NACF and business corporations, and among public welfare and business interests; happening also in a sustainable developemnt third way different to the governmental strict regulation and the market of laissez faire; which are also beneficial for the capacity-building of the NACF grassroots cooperatives, and the leaderships and soft powers of NACF in social and cultural development in rural areas. All these developmental experiences provide references for China's Rural Revitalization Strategy in the new era after the 19th Congress of CPC in China.