“简直”在近代汉语文献中的分布及语义演变

Distribution and Semantic Evolution of “Jianzhi” in Modern Chinese Literature

"简直"一词最早可见于西晋时期,到清晚出现"剪直"的写法,并由形容词演化出副词的语法特性。通过探讨"简直"在近代汉语文献中的词性和语义演变,以及所处的构式,发现"简直"在清代才普遍出现副词的用法,并且出现了与在现代汉语中一样的语义与相关的句法结构,在此之前则为形容词。此外,"简直"作为语气副词,是先由形容词演变为方式副词,而后虚化为程度副词,最后变为语气副词。

The word"jianzhi"(virtually)was seen firstly in Western Jin period.And in late Qing Dynasty,its homophone"jianzhi"appeared.Moreover,it evolved from an adjective to an adverb.Through study of its part of speech and meaning evolution in modern Chinese literature and of its construction,this paper has found that its adverbial usage became universal until Qing Dynasty and the same meaning and syntactic structure as the modern Chinese appeared.Before Qing Dynasty,it had been an adjective.In addition,as a modal adverb,"jianzhi"evolved from an adjective to a manner adverb,then grammaticalized to an adverb of degree,and eventually became a modal adverb.