清代内务府包衣中的“外擢”现象探析

A Probe into “Promotion to Other Departments” of Baoyi(Low Rank Officials)in Internal Affairs Department of Qing Dynasty

内务府包衣通过科举、荫庇、捐纳等方式由内务府官员"外擢"为非内务府官,带来的不仅仅是包衣阶层内部的分化,同时也体现了旗人与包衣、满人包衣与汉人包衣在身份地位上的差别。"外擢"现象的出现不仅打破了统治者对包衣群体在身份上的限制,更是促进了包衣势力的外延和扩张。经此,包衣阶层的势力由内务府蔓延进入后宫和前朝。后宫——内务府——前朝势力圈的形成对清代的社会格局产生了重大影响。

"Baoyi"(low rank officials)in Internal Affairs Department were promoted to other departments through the ways of imperial examination,sheltering or donation.This not only brought about the internal divergence of this class,but showed the differences of identities and status between banner people and Baoyi,and between Manzu Baoyi and Hanzu Baoyi.Such promotion broke the identity restriction of Baoyi by rulers and speeded up the extension of Baoyi's power as well.Thereafter,the Baoyi's influence spread from Internal Affairs Department to imperial harem and court.The formation of the power circle"imperial harem-Internal Affairs Department-court"exerted great influence on the social structure of Qing Dynasty.