解构视野下《背影》的文本解读及教学启示

Text Interpretation of Back Figure and Its Inspiration for Teaching from a Deconstructive Perspective

在解构主义看来,作品文本意义是在场文字与非在场经验的统一体,时间和他者是促成文本解读不断发生变化的重要因素,任何作品的文本解读权威都可以拆解。解构视野下《背影》的文本解读体现为三个方面:送别时的父亲背影和回忆送别时的父亲背影之间,存在着时间距离带来的思想情感变化;父子之情经历一个双向互动的复杂转变过程;父子之情动态转化的关键是作者角色转变带来不同的生命体验和责任担当。它带来的重要教学启示有三点:文本解读要从静态分析转向动态考察;知识教学要从立足于知识的对象性思维转向立足于经验的关系性思维;意义实现要从还原历史性转向观照当下性。

From deconstructionism,the work's text meanings lie in the unity between the present words and the absent experience.Time and other factors bring about the constant change of text interpretation.Therefore,any authoritative interpretation of a text can be deconstructed.The text interpretation of Back Figure from a deconstructive perspective is shown in three aspects:feeling changes brought by time distance existed between the father's back figure in farewell and the one when recalling the farewell,the father-and-son affection undergoing a change with a complicated bilateral interaction,and the author's life experience and duty taking brought about by the change of his role as the key for the dynamic conversion of the father-and-son affection.It has brought some inspiration for teaching.Firstly,the text interpretation should be transferred from the static analysis to dynamic examination.Secondly,the knowledge teaching should be converted from the objectivity thinking on basis of knowledge to the relation one on basis of experience.Lastly,the realization of the meanings should be changed from restoration of history to examination of the present.