港口群视阈下中国沿海港口竞争力评价及类型判识

Competitiveness evaluation and classification of China's coastal ports under the view of port groups

梳理港口竞争力研究历程并从港口群发展角度遴选港口吞吐能力、规模现状、发展潜力、群内发展环境四方面构建指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法客观评价中国沿海主要港口群内各港口的竞争力水平,并尝试改进波士顿矩阵模型对各港口类型进行识别。研究发现:(1)上海港、宁波舟山港和广州港占据了前三位,并表现出极强的竞争力;(2)环渤海港口群内各港口竞争力表现一般,长三角港口群内各港口竞争力水平呈现出较强的两极分化,珠三角港口群港口竞争力位于三者之间的上游;(3)基于改进波士顿矩阵模型将港口划分为潜力型、明星型、金牛型和瘦狗型港口。未来港口群建设中,各港口应加强合作,化域内竞争为域内一体化发展,以实现毗连港口群组的全面发展。

Port competitiveness research process was combed and the port throughput capacity,the basic status of the port,the potential of port development,and the development environment within the group of four parts were selected to establish evaluation system from the perspective of port development,entropy-weight TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the competitiveness of ports in China＇s major coastal ports objectively,and the Boston matrix model was improved to identify the port types. It is found that：（ 1） Shanghai Port,Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Guangzhou Port occupy the top three,and show strong competitiveness;（ 2） The competitiveness of ports in Bohai sea is ordinary,and the competitiveness of ports in the Yangtze River Delta shows a strong polarization,the Pearl River Delta port is located upstream of the three;（ 3） By improving the Boston matrix model,the ports can be divided into question marks port,star port,cash cow port and dogs port. In the future,each port should strengthen cooperation and allocate resources reasonably,and convert intraregional competition into intraregional integration to achieve the overall development of contiguous port groups.