语用学综观论:话语分析的理论基础与应用

The Pragmatic Perspective: Theoretical Basis and Application of Discourse Analysis

话语分析在对语句或语篇的研究中,以分析具体交际语境中语句的真实语义为主要目的。语用学综观论主张从认知、社会和文化的整体范畴,围绕语言的可变性、协商性和适应性来观察研究语言的使用与选择。话语分析与语用学在探讨具体语境中的言语使用、话语意义传递等涉及言语交际互动领域多有交叉并有许多共同的研究课题。在分析言语使用时如能从这两个研究领域出发统合运用,可对所考察的话语有更加全面的解读。而以语用学综观的语言使用"三特性"来分析交际语境中的话语选择与表达,经由语用学综观的研究路径达至话语活动的微观分析解释层面,可以对话语样本做出可信的分析解释,为话语分析提供更为坚实的理论基础和具有说服力的分析解释工具。

Discourse analysis takes utterance as the object of research and focuses on the thread of language used in the situation network to explore the real meaning of the utterances. Jef Verschueren proposes a pragmatic perspective on language use as a general cognitive, social and cultural perspective on linguistic phenomena in relation to the notions of variability, negotiability and adaptability. Discourse analysis and pragmatics have overlapping research fields in looking at patterns of language across texts and considering the relationship between language use and the social and cultural contexts. When we combine these two ways of research together, we will have wider insight. Verschueren＇s theory with its three notions enables us to reach the level of micro-analysis of discourse activities and make an effective and credible interpretation of discourse samples. Thus, the pragmatic perspective provides a solid theoretical basis as well as a suitable analytical and explanatory tool for discourse analysis.