对口支援资源配置的效率评价及其影响因素分析——以对口支援西藏为例

The Efficiency of Hand-in-Hand Aid Resources Allocation and Relevant Factors——A Case of Hand-in-Hand Aid in Tibet

对口支援政策有力地促进了区域经济协调发展。评价对口支援的资源配置效率并寻求其提升路径,对解决对口支援的有限投入与巨大需求之间的矛盾具有重要意义。以对口支援西藏为例研究主要经济因素对对口支援资源配置效率的影响,结果显示:对口援藏资源配置的效率总体上处于较高水平,并未出现资源的使用效率极低和过度浪费等极端状况,但部分年份对口援藏资源配置的效率较低,其中规模效率较低和纯技术效率较低分别是对口援藏早期和当前阶段配置效率低下的主要原因;对口援藏资源配置的效率在空间上呈现出经济最发达地区和最落后地区效率较高而经济发展水平居中地区效率较低的"极化现象",技术进步对各受援地的对口支援效率增长贡献均呈现出越来越重要的"趋同化现象";对口援藏的全要素生产率(TFP)在波动中略有上升,并且主要依赖于技术进步的贡献;经济体制、教育水平、农业发展水平、政策导向对对口援藏资源配置综合效率具有显著正向影响,中央财政补贴和城乡消费差距对其产生显著负向影响,而区域经济发展水平对其既产生正向影响,也产生负向影响。

The policy of hand-in-hand aid has reduced poverty and promoted the coordinated development of regional economy. It is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of resource allocation of hand-in-hand aid and thus to resolve the contradiction between limited supply of aid resources and huge demand. Taking Tibet as an example, we use DEA-Malmquist method to calculate the efficiency and the change of the hand-in-hand aid resources allocation, and, employing Tobit model, analyze the influence of economic factors on the efficiency of hand-in-hand aid. The conclusions are： Efficiency of resources allocation for hand-in-hand aid in Tibet is on the rise as a whole, with no conditions such as extremely low efficiency and excessive waste of resources,although inefficiency does exist in some years. Low scale efficiency is the main reason for the inefficient resource allocation in Tibet in the early stage, while low pure technical efficiency is the main reason at the present stage; The efficiency of resource allocation shows the ＂ polarization phenomenon＂, that is, resource allocation in the most developed and the most backward regions is more efficient. The contribution of technological progress to efficiency growth in each supported areas shows an increasingly obvious ＂convergence phenomenon＂; Total Factor Productivity（ TFP） of hand-in-hand aid in Tibet has increased slightly in fluctuation. TFP growth is primarily dependent on the contribution of technical progress; Economic system,educational level, level of agricultural development and policy orientation all have significant positive effect on the efficiency of hand-in-hand aid in Tibet. The central government＇s financial subsidy and the consumption gap between urban and rural areas have a significant negative effect. The level of regional economic development has both positive and negative effects, specifically, a positive impact on the pure technical efficiency and a negative impact on scale efficiency of resources allocation. These factors have different influence on pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of resources allocation, and they have informed the effect of formation for comprehensive efficiency of resource allocation through acting on the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.