地膜覆盖对旱地作物产量及土壤水分影响的研究概述

Overview of Effect of Film Mulching on Crop Yield and Soil Moisture in Dry Land

地膜覆盖是一种农业栽培技术,具有集雨保墒、降低蒸散、增加作物产量等作用。综述了地膜覆盖技术对旱地作物产量和不同土层水分的影响以及休闲期地膜覆盖对土壤贮水量的影响等方面的研究进展,指出覆膜栽培技术在导致作物早衰、土壤养分过耗、土壤残膜污染等方面的不足,提出地膜覆盖技术应以环保型地膜材料及地膜回收设备的研发为重点,以期为地膜覆盖栽培模式的研究及应用提供科学参考。

Film mulching is an agricultural cultivation technology,with collecting rainwater and maintaining soil moisture,reducing evapotranspiration,increasing crop yield,and so on.This paper reviews the research progress of the effects of film mulching on crop yield and soil moisture in different soil layers in dry land and the effects of film mulching on soil water storage during the fallow period,and points out the deficiencies of film mulching technology in causing crop premature aging,soil nutrient overuse and soil residual film pollution.The paper proposes out that the film mulching technology should focus on the research and development of environmentally friendly mulching film and plastic film recycling equipment,to provide a scientific reference for the research and application of film mulching cultivation mode.