中国民营经济改革与发展40年:回顾与展望

Reform and Development of Private Economy in China from 1978 to 2017:Retrospects and Prospects

改革开放以来,中国民营经济获得了长足的发展。40年里,民营经济经历了1978—1988年的萌芽和起步阶段、1989—1991年的受挫和恢复阶段、1992—2001年的调整和引导阶段、2002—2007年的促进和提升阶段、2008—2012年的冲击和成长阶段、2013年至今的转型和腾飞阶段,已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分、和谐社会的重要建设力量、产业转型的重要动力源泉、市场竞争的重要参与主体、科技创新的重要驱动因素。中国民营经济改革与发展的主要经验包括健康稳定的政治环境、科学合理的制度创新、卓越非凡的企业家精神、丰富有效的劳动供给、和谐共生的包容文化、多样频繁的社会互动。民营经济未来的高质量发展要重点围绕从小到大的规模经济、从弱到强的竞争优势、从表到里的公司治理、从内到外的跨国经营、从近到远的代际传承等方面展开。

It has been 40 years for private economy in China since the reform and opening-up in 1978. During the four decades,Chinese private economy has been through six periods,namely the seed stage from 1978 to 1988,the recovery stage from 1989 to 1991,the adjustment stage from 1992 to 2001,the promotion stage from 2002 to2007,the growth stage from 2008 to 2012,and the transition stage since 2013. Nowadays,the private economy has made itself so important as a part of national economy,an effective support to harmonious society,a power source of industrial change,a player in market competition,a driven power to technology innovation. Healthy and stable environment in politics,scientific and reasonable innovation in institutions,outstanding and distinguished entrepreneurship,rich and abundant supply of labor,harmonious and symbiotical inclusive culture,diverse and frequent social interaction are the main contributions to the reform and development of Chinese private economy.Attention should be paid more to scale economy,competitive strength,corporate governance,multinational operation and intergenerational inheritance.