劳动力空间集聚对个体劳动者就业概率的影响

The Influence of Spatial Agglomeration of Labor on Employment Probability of Individual Laborers

本文通过整合劳动经济学与城市经济学等相关理论,构建研究劳动力空间集聚对个体就业影响的具有跨学科特点的理论分析框架,并在此基础上进行实证分析,研究表明:(1)中国劳动力空间集聚对个体劳动者的就业概率具有显著的正向作用。(2)不同城市规模的城市,劳动力空间集聚对其个体劳动者就业概率的影响也存在差异,在特大城市中,劳动力空间集聚对个体劳动者就业概率的影响显著为正,而在中小城市,劳动力空间集聚对个体劳动者就业概率的影响是负向的,但不显著。(3)无论是本地劳动者还是外来劳动者,劳动力空间集聚对其个体就业概率的影响均为正,说明劳动力空间集聚以及外来劳动力的进入并不会增加本地劳动者的就业压力,反而均提高两个群体实现就业的可能性。

Based on the theories of labor economics and urban economics,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework with interdisciplinary characteristics of spatial agglomeration of labor on individual employment.On this basis,the empirical analysis shows as follows.(1) Chinese spatial agglomeration of labor has a significant positive effect on the employment probability of individual laborers.(2) The influence of spatial agglomeration of labor on the employment probability of individual laborers in different cities is different. Specifically,in the megacities,the influence of spatial agglomeration of labor on the employment probability of individual laborers is positive,while in small and medium-sized cities,the effect is negative but not significant.(3) Both local and migrant laborers have positive effects on the employment probability of individual laborers,indicating that spatial agglomeration of labor and the entry of migrant labor do not increase the employment pressure of local laborers,but rather raising the possibility of employment for both groups. According to the above conclusions,some inspirations are provided as follows:(1) just from theangle of employment,the road to promoting the development of large cities is good for employment significantly,and individual laborers can benefit from urbanization;(2) the entry of migrant laborers will not increase the employment pressure of local laborers,thus,the government should put aside local policy"bias ",and follow the basic laws of the market economy,so that more citizens may share the fruits of economic development,which is more practical for the real"balanced"development of the region.