湖北竹溪十八里长峡自然保护区红豆杉群落特征研究

Study on the Community Characteristics of Taxus Chinensis in Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve in Zhuxi,Hubei Province

分析十八里长峡自然保护区红豆杉(Taxus chinensis)群落的外貌、群落物种组成及群落结构,旨在为恢复、保护和利用这一珍稀物种提供理论依据。在采用样方法取样的基础上,对湖北竹溪十八里长峡自然保护区大型红豆杉群落从其群落外貌、群落物种组成和群落结构等方面进行了群落特征的调查与研究。结果表明:红豆杉与米心水清冈(Fagus engleriana)形成了一个稳定的常绿落叶阔叶混交林群落,并且在群落中红豆杉的重要值高达43.39,占有比较明显优势;而从相对优势度来看,红豆杉占56.21%,也说明红豆杉在群落中占有重要地位;从红豆杉种群垂直结构来看,红豆杉为群落中优势树种;从红豆杉种群径级结构来看,红豆杉各级木齐全,且种源充足,自然更新良好,属稳定种群;从群落种类组成上来看,群落中古老成分的植物特别多,如红豆杉、鹅耳枥(Carpinus turczaninowii)、槭树(Acer oliverianum、A.caudatum)、领春木(Euptelea pleiospermum)等均为第三纪遗留下来的植物。反映了十八里长峡自然保护区红豆杉群落的古老性和原始性,其地势险峻,人为破坏较少,土地肥沃,气候适宜。这种得天独厚的生态环境,适于红豆杉的生长发育。

The aim of this study is to analyze the appearance,community composition and community structure of the Taxus chinensis community in the Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve,and to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration,conservation and utilization of this rare species.Based on the methodology of quadrat samplings,the characteracteristics of the community physiognomy,species composition,and community structure of Taxusthenesis were studied in the Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve in Zhuxi of Hubei Province.The results are as the followings:(1)Taxus thinensis and Fagus engleriana constitute a stable evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,and the importance value of Taxus thinensis amounts to 43.39,indicating that it is a dominant species in the community.(2)The relative dominance of Taxus thinessis is 56.21%,indicating that Taxus chinensis plays an important role in the community.(3)Taxus chinensis is dominant species of the community according to the vertical structure of the community.(4)According to the Sizeclass distribution of Taxus chinensis,its individual occupies each age class,and the seedlings and saplings are sufficient,illuminating that its natural regeneration is normal and that the population is very stable.(5)There are a lot of ancient elements in the community of Taxus chinensis,such as Taxus chinensis,Carpinus turczaninowii,Acer oliverianum,Acer caudatum and Euptelea pleiospermum,which are relics of the Tertiary,demonstrating that the community of Taxus chinensis is ancient and primitive.Reflecting the ancient nature and primitive nature of the Shibalichangxia Nature Reserve,the terrain is steep,man-made less damage,fertile land,climate is appropriate.This unique ecological environment,suitable for the growth and development of Taxus chinensis,provide the basis for the conservation and utilization.