历史研究中的社会视角探析

Methodological Self-Consciousness of Historical Issues:An Inquiry of Social Analysis

对历史问题的分析既需要历史学研究方法,也需要社会视角等不同方法的综合运用,它有助解释李约瑟难题、中国传统社会历史变迁等历史问题与现象。通过对特定历史的社会分析,超越常识层面的局限性,分清问题的实质与层次,寻找到文明与社会发展的基本规律。传统历史学缺失社会群体在历史时间中的表现和有关联的前后变迁的相关探究,因而社会动态分析必不可少。由于全球化的发展是人类文明的基本走向,对人类社会进行整体的分析不仅是历史解释所必需,更是对人类未来的"历史预测"的基本立场。

The analysis of historical problems requires application of sociological methodology, because it is helpful in the interpretation of some important issues of history, such as the Needham Puzzle and the phenomenon of dynasty replacement in ancient Chinese traditional society. Through the sociological analysis of historical issues, we are able to reveal the limitations of some basic knowledge that remain at the layerof people's common sense, distinguish the essence of the problem and find the basic law of the development of civilization. Traditional History fails to illustrate the performance of social groups in historical time and the related changes before and after a specific historical time. Therefore, social dynamic analysis is necessary in historical research. Since the development of globalization is the basic trend of human civilization, the overall analysis of human society is not only necessary to historical interpretation, but also the basic position of "historical prediction" for the future of mankind.