内儒外道:郭象玄学的思想归属及价值取向

Confucianism inside and Taoism outside:the Ideological Attribution and Value Orientation of Guo Xiang's Metaphysics

郭象儒道会通的思想体系是以道家自然无为的思想为外在框架,以儒家经世治国的思想为主要内核,其根本目的在于重建一套合乎自然的名教秩序,以此安顿社会与个人。郭象用道家的"自然"来论证儒家"名教"存在的合理性,并为儒家的"名教"找到了形上依据,这是儒家内部对其名教走向穷途末路所作的一种自我挽救。郭象通过视三纲五常为人之自然本性、为圣王正名、树素王为道德榜样的主张实现了道家之消极"无为"向儒家之积极"有为"的转变,展现了其玄学"内儒外道"的思想归属及儒家化的价值取向。

Guo Xiang＇s ideological system of the unison of Confucianism and Taoism makes the Taoist thoughts of natural inaction as the external framework and the Confucian thoughts of governing state as the kernel,and its fundamental purpose is to re-establish a set of natural order of the ethical codes to help settle the society and the individual.Guo Xiang used the＂Nature＂of Taoism to demonstrate the rationality of the existence of＂the Ethical Codes＂of Confucianism and found the metaphysical basis for＂the Ethical Codes＂of Confucianism,which was a kind of self-salvation for internal Confucianism to rescue its deadend ethical codes.Guo Xiang realized the transformation from negative ＂inaction＂of Taoism to positive＂action＂of Confucianism through the assertions of regarding the ＂three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues＂in the feudal ethical codes as humans＇ nature,rectifying the name of Sage King and setting Crownless King as a moral example,which showed its ideological attribution and Confucianized value orientation of＂Confucianism inside and Taoism outside＂of metaphysics.