早期铁器时代游牧人群用马策略初探——以新疆喀拉苏墓地M15随葬马匹的动物考古学研究为例

A Research on Horse Exploitation of Nomadic People in the Early Iron Age——A Zooarchaeological Case Study of Tomb 15 in Kalasu Cemetery,Xinjiang

本文对新疆阿勒泰地区哈巴河县喀拉苏墓地M15随葬马匹进行研究,利用动物考古学的方法复原马的年龄、性别,对不同部位的骨骼的表面异常现象进行分析。据此探讨古代人类选择随葬马匹的策略,探寻古代人类骑乘马匹的行为,结合殉马方式和稳定同位素分析的结果探讨古代阿尔泰山南北地区的文化交流,为研究早期铁器时代游牧人群的用马策略提供重要材料。

This research rebuilds age class and gender ratio of 13 horses from Tomb 15(M15)of Kalasu cemetery in Habahe county,Aletai region,Xinjiang,and analyzes abnormalities on teeth,vertebrae and limb bones through zooarchaeological methods.Moreover,strategies of selecting buried horses,behaviors of horse riding,and the ancient cultural communication in the north and south of Altay mountains are discussed based on skeletal morphology as well as carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis.This research provides important information for horse exploitation strategies of nomads in the early I-ron Age and fills the gap of zooarchaeological research in northern Xinjiang.