产业所有制结构变化与产业创新绩效改善--国有企业为主的产业所有制结构就一定不利于产业创新吗?

The Changes of Industrial Ownership Structure and Innovation: Is the State-owned Enterprise Dominant in Favor of Innovation?

本文利用中国战略性新兴产业2006—2014年产业层面的数据估计了产业所有制结构变化对产业创新绩效的效应。在控制住产业规模、产业利润率和资本密集度等因素的影响后,本文的经验研究发现:(1)中央政府控股企业比重的变化与战略性新兴产业创新绩效之间呈现出正相关关系;(2)地方政府控股企业和民营企业比重的变化与战略性新兴产业创新绩效之间呈现出负相关关系;(3)分时期考察发现,在2006—2011年间,中央政府和地方政府控股企业比重的变化对产业创新绩效具有正面效应,民营企业比重的变化与产业创新绩效之间呈负相关关系;在2012—2014年间,中央政府控股企业比重的变化与产业创新绩效之间呈正相关关系,地方政府控股企业比重的变化对产业创新绩效具有负面效应,民营企业比重的变化与产业创新绩效之间不相关。本文的研究结果具有深刻的政策含义,发展资本、技术密集程度高的战略性新兴产业,应该充分利用国有企业、特别是中央政府控股企业的先天优势,适度提高国有大中型企业的产业集中度,确保金融资源(股权融资)和政策优惠(政府补贴和税收减免)优先满足战略性新兴产业和创新创业型企业的创新需求。

In the transitional economy,the changes of the proportional between state sector and the private sector affected the industry market structure,capital structure and the related industrial policy,and then exert important influences on industrial innovation. This paper uses the data of strategic emerging industries from 2006 to 2014,estimates the effect of change of ownership structure based on industrial innovation. In controlled effects of industry scale,industry profit rate and capital intensity factors,the empirical research of this paper has found：（1）the rising of the central government holding enterprises and innovation showed a positive correlation;（2）the proportion of change of local government holding companies and private enterprises and innovation showing a negative correlation. Further,from 2006 to 2011,the change in the proportion of the central government and local government controlled enterprises on the industrial innovation has positive effect,while the change of the proportion of the private enterprises and innovation is negative correlation;from 2012 to 2014,the change of the central government controlled and innovation has a positive correlation,the change in the proportion of local government controlled enterprises on the industrial innovation has negative effect,and no correlation between the change of the proportion of the private enterprises and industrial innovation. This has profound implications,it should make full use of state-owned enterprises,especially the central government owned enterprises dominant position,moderately improve state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial concentration degree,ensure that financial resources（equity financing）and preferential policies（government subsidies and tax breaks）give priority to meet the innovation needs of strategic emerging industries.