珠三角地区一线护士群体职业特征对职业枯竭的影响

The effect of occupational characteristics of Pearl River Delta front line nurses on job burnout

目的研究珠三角地区护士群体职业特征对职业枯竭和心理退缩行为影响。方法采取调查问卷的方法，从人口统计学变量、职业特征的工作自主性、工作常规化、职业风险暴露、职业紧张、职业枯竭以及心理退缩行为7个方面对珠三角地区20家医院一线护士群体进行调查。结果护士群体的职业特征对于其心理退缩行为存在直接效应，职业枯竭在工作自主性与心理退缩行为之间、职业常规化与心理退缩行为、职业风险暴露与心理退缩行为、职业紧张与心理退缩行为的关系中起到了部分中介的作用。结论护士的职业特征相对于其他行业不可避免地会引发较高的职业枯竭现象，且其心理退缩行为非常明显。从组织领导和个人层面应该引起足够的关注，并且采取相应的措施来缓解护士职业特征导致的职业枯竭感。

Objective To investigate the effect on occupational failure and psychological withdraw behavior of group occupational characteristics in nurses of Pearl River Delta. Methods Questionnaire approach including demographic variables, job autonomy of occupational characteristics, work routinization, occupational exposure risk, occupational stress, occupational failure and psychological withdraw behavior were investigated in clinical nurses in 20 hospitals of Pearl River Delta. Results Group occupational characteristics in nurses influence directly on the psychological withdraw behavior. Occupational failure was partly involve in the relationships such as job autonomy of occupational characteristics and psychological withdraw behavior, work routinization and psychological withdraw behavior, occupational exposure risk and psychological withdraw behavior, occupational stress and psychological withdraw behavior. Conclusions Relative to other professions, group occupational characteristics in nurses cause higher occupational failure rate, and the psychological withdraw behavior in nurses is obviously. Attention should be taken from organizational leadership level to personal level. It is eager to take appropriate measures to relieve the occupational failure in nurses.