从古竖吹笛孔位特点论“工尺谱字”命名逻辑——兼论“半字谱”“俗字谱”起源之先后

A Study of the Naming Logic of Gongche Notation in Light of Characteristics of Hole Position of Ancient Flute——The Sequence of Origins of Banzi Notation and Suzi Notation

由《晋书》记载的"泰始笛"可知,我国魏晋时期就已流行六孔竖吹之笛。这种前五孔后一孔的形制,奠定了"工尺谱"形成的实践基础。而各类"俗字谱字"本身实际是一种记录管乐孔位或弦乐弦序把位的符号,"半字谱"则是对完整"俗字"的简化。随着后世俗乐发展,这种六孔竖吹之笛的孔位谱字逐渐取代其他谱字,形成明清时期的"工尺谱",以适应其他乐器或人声唱奏之需要。

As Taishi Flute was recorded in Book of Jin, six-hole vertical flute was already popular during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Its particular structure, with five holes in the front and one hole in the back of the flute, provides a practical foundation for the formation of Gongche Notation. While Suzi Notation can be seen as symbols to record hole positions for wind music or positions of string sequence for string music, Banzi Notation is a simplified version of the whole Suzi Notation. With the development of common music in later generations, the notation of hole positions of six-hole vertical flute gradually replaced other notations, and Gongche Notation came into form during Ming and Qing Dynasties to meet the needs of singing and instrument playing of other musical instruments or human voice.