阅读理解中的图式干扰——一项汉语作为第二语言的阅读实证研究

Schema Interference in Reading Comprehension:An Empirical Study of Chinese as a Second Language Reading

在汉语作为第二语言阅读研究中,读者的"图式干扰"心理过程鲜少受到关注。采用质化研究方法、通过实证研究考察了汉语作为第二语言的阅读者受到与所读文章不一致的图式干扰而产生理解错误的认知操作,探讨了这些认知操作的特点与产生原因。研究发现,导致理解错误的"图式提取"认知操作具有以下特点:1.倾向于提取熟悉度更高的图式;2.倾向于构建具有因果关系的表征;3.缺乏排除"图式干扰"的能力。有鉴于此,汉语作为第二语言阅读研究亟需关注读者的已有图式对阅读理解干扰的心理过程,同时在教学中加强对学生排除图式干扰能力的培养。

This article probes into＂schema interference＂in reading comprehension in Chinese as a second language via an experimental study with a qualitative research method.Through the analysis of the subjects summary protocols and verbal reports,the study explores and presents the mental processes during reading which cause incorrect comprehension because of schema interference,and discusses the reasons causing the retrieval of incorrect schemata and the features of such cognitive processes.We put forward that the＂schema retrieval＂process which causes incorrect comprehension may have the following features：tending to retrieve more familiar schemata,tending to construct the representation with causal-effect relationship,and lacking the capability of excluding＂interfering schemata＂.