共同危险行为之“共同”研究

A Study on the “Common” of the Common Dangerous Behavior

共同危险行为作为多数人侵权之一种具体类型,其是为了解决具体侵权人不明的情形下被侵权人所遭受损害的救济问题而产生的。虽然共同危险行为与共同侵权行为这两个概念中都设有"共同"二字,但两者却并非具有相同的含义。共同侵权行为之"共同"是一种主观的共同过错,而共同危险行为之"共同"是一种客观上的行为共同。对于共同危险行为之行为共同性的判断标准,相较于"时空上的同一性"标准,采取更为宽松的"时空上的关联性"这一评判标准,能够做到将那些在行为上不具有严格的同一性而仅具有一定关联性的数人侵权行为纳入到共同危险行为范畴,从而使被侵权人所遭受的损害得以救济,这也符合共同危险行为制度设立的本旨。

The common dangerous behavior is one of the most specific types of infringement of the majority,which is to solve the relief problems that victims suffered from the case of concrete infringer's uncertainty.Although the two common concepts of common dangerous act and joint tort have the word"common",they do not have the same meaning.The"common"of joint tort is a subjective and common fault,and the"common"of joint dangerous act is a kind of objective behavior.For the criteria of determining the commonality of behavior in joint dangerous acts,compared with the criterion of"identity in time and space",it is more reasonable to adopt a more relaxed standard of"relevance in time and space".It can be incorporated into the category of joint dangerous act for which are not strictly identical in behavior but only have certain relevance.Thus,the damage suffered by the infringer can be relieved,and it is also consistent with the purpose of establishing the common dangerous behavior system.