德美日长期护理保险资金筹集模式的特点及启示

Characteristics and Enlightenment of the Financing Model of Long-term Care Insurance in Germany,the United States and Japan

伴随人口老龄化的加速,我国老年人对护理的需求也呈逐渐上升且越来越强烈的状态。现在我国以家庭为主的长期护理越来越难以维系,因此,社会化的老年长期护理亟须采取措施来补充家庭养老的不足,以更好地为我国老年人服务。德国、美国和日本等发达国家曾经历与我国类似的养老窘境,在老年长期护理保险制度以及老年长期护理保险资金筹集模式等方面,三个国家都有明显的特点,代表了不同福利类型的资金筹集模式。虽然我国现在还没有制定具体的老年长期护理保险制度,但是发达国家先行的结果和经验预示了一个共同的方向,因此对发达国家先行经验的分析可为我国未来老年长期护理保险制度的设计,乃至我国在制度设计时应该遵循的最佳模式等建设提供可见的借鉴。

With the rapid development of population aging,the demand for nursing care in China is also gradually rising and becoming more and more intense.At present,it is more and more difficult to maintain the family based long-term care in our country.Therefore,the socialized long-term care for the elderly needs to take measures to supplement the shortage of the family old-age care so as to better serve the elderly in our country.Developed countries such as Germany,the United States and Japan have experienced similar difficulties in providing for the aged.The three countries have obvious characteristics in terms of the old-age long-term care insurance system and the mode of raising funds for the old-age long-term care insurance,which Represent the different types of welfare funding model.Although China has not yet formulated a specific old-age long-term care insurance system,the results and experience of the developed countries in the first place foreshadow a common direction.Therefore,the analysis of the advanced experience in the developed countries can be used for reference for the design of the future old-age long-term care insurance system in China,and even for the construction of the best model that should be followed in the design of the system in China.