盐度及脂多糖对海水淹溺型急性呼吸窘迫综合征模型小鼠的影响

Effects of salinity and lipopolysaccharide on the mode mice of acute respiratory distress syndromes induced by seawater drowning

目的 探讨自然界海水盐度及海水中所含脂多糖（LPS）对海水淹溺所致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndromes,ARDS）小鼠模型的影响.方法 50只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成5组,每组10只.空白对照组（A组）;生理盐水组（B组）：气道内注入4 ml/kg生理盐水;低盐度人工海水组（C组）：气道内注入4 ml/kg 1.67％盐度人工海水;LPS拮抗组（D组）：小鼠预先腹腔注射小剂量（2 mg/kg）LPS,注射后第8天气道内注入4 ml/kg海水;海水组（E组）：小鼠气道内注入4 ml/kg海水.海水吸入后4 h处死小鼠,测量肺通透指数（LPI）、肺湿干重比（W/D）;收集支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）,检测中性粒细胞数、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平.结果 与A组相比,B组、C组和E组LPI、W/D、中性粒细胞、TNF-α和IL-1β检测值在海水注入后4 h均明显升高,4组数值由高到低依次为E组〉C组〉B组〉A组,且组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与D组比较,E组各项数值均高于D组,其中中性粒细胞[D组：（1.69±0.09）×106/L,E组：（2.11±0.12）×106/L]、TNF-α[D组：（202.31±28.76）ng/L,E组：（233.72±26.41）ng/L]和IL-1β[D组：（178.16±24.85）ng/L,E组：（206.38±20.56）ng/L]间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 自然界海水的盐度及脂多糖含量均是海水淹溺型急性呼吸窘迫综合征的致伤因素.

Objective To investigate the effects of natural seawater and lipopolysaccharide （LPS） on acute respiratory distress syndromes （ARDS） induced by seawater drowning .Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 10 animals.They were： the blank control group （group A）; the normal saline （NS） group （group B）, which was injected 4ml/kg NS into the airway passage;the low salinity artificial seawater group （group C）, which was injected 4ml/kg artificial seawater at a salinity of 1.67% into the airway passage; the LPS antagonism group （group D）, which was first given LPS injection （2 mg/kg） in the abdominal cavity and then 4 ml/kg natural seawater in the airway passage at day 8; the seawater group （group E）, which was injected 4 ml/kg of natural seawater in the airway passage .Four hours after injection of seawater, the animals were sacrificed, LPI and wet /dry ratio （W/D） were detected, bronchis-alveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was collected, and levels of neutrophi , TNF-α, IL-1βwere detected.Results As compared with those of the blank control group , the levels of LPI, W/D, neutrophil[group D：（1.69 ± 0.09） ×106 /L,group E：（2.11 ±0.12） ×106 /L], TNF-α[group D：（202.31 ±28.76） ng/L, group E：（233.72 ±26.41） ng/L] and IL-1β[group D：（178.16 ±24.85） ng/L,group E：（206.38 ±20.56） ng/L] in the groups B,C D and E were all significantly elevated 4 hours after injection of seawater .The levels of group E were 〉those of group C 〉those of group B 〉those of group A, and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the groups （P 〈0.05）.All the values in group E were higher than those in group D, and there was statistical significance in the levels of neutrophi , TNF-αand IL-1β, when comparisons were made between them.Conclusions Both the salinity and lipopolysaccharide content of seawater were the main causative agents of acute respiratory distress syndromes after seawater drowning .