药用真菌马勃孢子的傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别

Identification of Fungal Spores of Puffball Species in Medicinal Fungi by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

为了鉴别形态相似的药用真菌紫色马勃、大马勃和脱皮马勃,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪获取它们的光谱信息,从光谱分析的角度对它们进行深入研究。三种马勃的光谱呈现出蛋白质、多糖类物质、酯类物质等的特征吸收峰,但在吸收峰的相对强度和峰形上存在差异。通过傅里叶自去卷积、四阶导数法和曲线拟合分析技术相结合,对指纹区叠加带1200~890cm^(-1)范围的光谱进行剥离,挖掘出被叠加而掩盖的吸收子峰信息。剥离结果显示它们的多糖结构存在明显差异,在1072cm^(-1)和1040cm^(-1)附近的多糖类物质C-O键和C-C键的吸收子峰上,紫色马勃、大马勃与脱皮马勃差别较大。紫色马勃的光谱在943cm^(-1)、892cm^(-1)的吸收子峰表明其含有β-型糖苷键,脱皮马勃在920cm^(-1)的吸收子峰表明其含有α-型糖苷键。研究表明傅里叶变换红外光谱能够提供药用真菌马勃的分子结构信息,为三种真菌马勃的入药提供一种光谱鉴别技术手段。

The purpose of this study was to identify medicinal fungi of Calvatia lilacina(Mont.et Berk)Lloyd,Calvatia gigantea(Batsch ex Pers.)Lloydand Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich.which had similar morphological characteristics.Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was employed to obtain the spectra of spores of this three puffball species,and further researched their characteristics of molecular structure by spectral information.The infrared spectra of three puffball species demonstrated the absorption band of protein,polysaccharides and esters.The intensity and shape of these bands had differences between different medicinal fungi.The technique of Fourier self-deconvolution and fourth derivative spectrum combined with curve-fitting analysis was used to uncover the spectral information at fingerprint region of infrared spectra.Curve-fitting analysis of 1200~890 cm^(-1) presented the structure of polysaccharides had significant difference in three puffball species.The multi-component peaks at 1072 cm^(-1) and 1040 cm^(-1) corresponded to C-O and C-C stretching vibrations of polysaccharides,there were obvious differences between Calvatia lilacina(Mont.Et Berk)Lloyd,Calvatia gigantea(Batsch ex Pers.)Lloyd and Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich.The characteristic absorption peaks at 943 cm^(-1) and 892 cm^(-1) of Calvatia lilacina(Mont.Et Berk)Lloydindicated that it containβ-glycoside linkage,and the peaks at 920 cm^(-1) showed thatα-glycoside linkage in Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich.The results suggested that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy could provide the information of molecular structure of puffball fungus.It was a promising technique to identify medicinal fungi.