语法转喻解读的认知语用机制探究——以汉语“很+N”构式为例

A study of the cognitive-pragmatic mechanism for the interpretation of grammatical metonymy:Taking the Chinese construction “Hen + N” for example

本文基于概念转喻理论、构式语法和关联理论,以"很+N"构式为例,分析语法转喻解读所涉及的认知和语用因素,并提出语法转喻解读的认知语用模型。研究发现,首先,语言交际的关联原则驱使受喻者发挥认知主体性寻求词汇义与构式义相容的解读方式,从而导致构式义压制词汇义,然后,转喻认知机制的作用使受喻者对语法构式里的词汇概念进行转喻推理。在转喻推理过程中,认知语境的制约使受喻者从与本体概念语义具有邻近关系的多个概念语义中识别出转喻喻体,从而成功解读语法转喻。此间,关联是前提,受喻者的认知主体性是主导因素,构式语义压制是转喻推理的诱因,语境制约是转喻推理的必要条件。语法转喻的解读是受喻者发挥认知主体性对意义的动态建构过程,是诸种认知和语用因素共同作用的结果。

Based on Conceptual Metonymy Theory,construction grammar and relevance theory,this paper,taking for example the Chinese construction ＂Hen ＋ N＂,explores the cognitive pragmatic mechanism for the interpretation of grammatical metonymy,argues for the joint work of conceptual metonymy and relevance theory for the study of grammatical metonymy and puts forward a cognitive pragmatic model for the interpretation of grammatical metonymy. It is found that the interpretation of grammatical metonymy is constrained by relevance theory,the interpreter＇s subjectivity,semantic coercion and context. In the interpretation of grammatical metonymy,when the interpreter discovers that the lexical meaning is incompatible with the meaning of the grammatical construction,driven by the expectation of optimal relevance in communication,he will take the subjective initiative to seek a way to make the two meanings compatible with each other,which results in the constructional meaning coercing the lexical meaning. Then,the metonymic cognitive mechanism prompts the interpreter to undertake metonymic reasoning,in which contextual constraints facilitate the interpreter＇s identification of the target concept from many adjacent concepts. The interpretation of grammatical metonymy is a dynamic process of meaning construction,which involves the subjectivity of the interpreter and the constraints of cognitive and pragmatic factors.