信息化与高技能劳动力相对需求--基于中国微观企业层面的经验研究

Informationization and the Demand for Skilled Labor:Empirical Evidence Based on Micro-level Enterprises in China

现有关于信息化与劳动力需求结构影响的研究主要基于国家和行业层面。鉴于企业才是微观决策主体,本文基于企业层面,利用微观调查数据实证考察了信息化对于高技能劳动力相对需求的影响。结果发现,与行业层面的结论不同,企业短期的信息化投资提高对于高技能劳动力相对需求影响不大,而综合代表企业信息化水平的信息化密度提高会导致其对于高技能劳动力相对需求的上升,并且,地区信息基础设施水平的改善会强化这种效应;另一方面,与行业层面研究结论相反,企业的规模扩大会造成高技能劳动力相对需求上升,说明高、低技能劳动力在行业间和行业内的自由流动差异会导致规模对劳动力需求结构截然相反的影响。本文的政策涵义在于,在信息化的背景下企业需要在提高自身信息化综合实力的同时做好人才战略,国家则需要加大教育和培训的支出,大力发展信息技术并完善信息基础设施,缓解劳动力市场矛盾,优化资源配置。

The existing researches on the impacts of ICT on labor demand structure are largely based on the macro dimensions. However, in face of the fact that the enterprise is the real decision -maker, this article investigates the influence of informationization on the relative demand of skilled labor in micro level using micro- enterprise survey data. Results demonstrate that the increasing company＇ s integrated ICT investment and utilization abilities lead to rising demand for skilled labor, rather than short-term ICT investment, which is different from the conclusion of industry-level research. And the improvements in regional ICT infrastructure will reinforce this effect.Also, in contrary to the industry-level study, expansion of firm size will result in the same effect, indicating a structural difference between inter-industry and intra-industry caused by the distinct flow of skilled labor and unskilled labor.As for the policy implication, enterprises need to improve their comprehensive strength of ICT and talent strategic plan under the informationization background, while government needs to increase investment in education and to improve the ICT infrastructure, in a bid to alleviate the contradiction of labor market, as well as optimizing the resources allocation.