胆囊切除术后肠道菌群失调的研究进展

Research progress of gut microbiota dysbiosis after cholecystectomy

肠道菌群参与机体的生理、生化及病理过程。其具有促进机体免疫调节和肠道神经系统发育，预防病原体入侵，维持正常肠道运动及抑制肿瘤发生与发展的作用。肠道菌群失调可引起多种疾病如炎症性肠病、肥胖症及糖尿病等。多种疾病对肠道菌群均可产生不同程度的影响．远隔器官对肠道菌群亦有一定的反作用。不同疾病过程中．维持菌群平衡对临床医师提出了不同的要求。笔者围绕胆囊切除术后肠道菌群失调的研究现状作一综述，旨在为胆囊疾病治疗提供新的靶点。

[Abstract] Gut microbiota is involved in the physiological, biochemical and pathological processes of the body. It could participate in the immunoregulation and the development of enteric nervous system, prevent the invasion of pathogens, maintain normal bowel movement and inhibit the occurrence of tumor. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may also cause many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and diabetes. A variety of diseases can affect gut microbiota with different ways. In addition, remote organs play a counteractive rule to gut microbiota. Maintaining the balance of the bacteria sets different requirements in different disease processes. This paper reviewed the advanced progression of gut microbiota dysbiosis after cholecystectomy and provided a new therapeutic target for gallbladder diseases. [ Key words ] Gallbladder diseases ; Cholecystectomy ; Metabolism of bile acid; Gut mJcrobiota dysbiosis ; Enteral nutrition; Probiotics