中国出口增加值的区域分布格局及其演变趋势

Regional Distribution and Its Evolution Trend of Export Induced Value-added within China

利用2002、2007和2010年中国非竞争型区域间投入产出表,对这3个年份中国八大区域出口增加值进行测算,揭示出口增加值的区域分布和经济贡献率格局,并探讨了格局演变的趋势特征和主要原因。结果显示:中国的出口增加值在规模、产业结构和经济贡献率指标上都存在东中西部的梯度差异;2002年以来中西部地区出口增加值的快速增长,在全国出口增加值中的占比由2002年的14.6%增长到2010年的23.2%,改变了其分布格局;在区域政策和要素成本变化的共同作用下,中部与西南地区在劳动与技术密集型产业的出口增加值增速加快,而东部和南部沿海地区在资源与劳动密集型产业的出口增加值增速放缓,推动了分布格局的演变。最后为区域出口增加值的提质增效提出了几点建议。

Since entering the WTO, China＇s growing export has led to a large number of domestic value-added in different regions, close to 70% of which has been created in coastal provinces. With the improvement of the central and western regions＇ economy and openness, a question arises： has China＇s export induced value-added from inland regions become more important？ The answer to this question can serve as a reference for regions to participate in the global value chain and informs trade policy decisions. In this paper, China＇s export induced value-added from eight regions were calculated by using China＇s noncompetitive interregional input-output tables for 2002, 2007 and 2010. A regional pattern evolution of export induced value-added and its contribution to regional economics was analyzed. The results show that with the growth of export trade volume, the scale of export induced value-added was also growing rapidly, which in 2010 reached 2.7 times in 2002, and the contribution rate to GDP reached 19.4%. The difference of absolute scales in different regions was very significant. Coastal regions, especially the eastern and southern coastal regions, produced the highest value-added by export, the sum of the two in 2010 accounted for 53.0% of the country＇s total. A trend in the evolution revealed that the export induced value-added grew more rapidly in the central and western regions, where its proportion increased from 14.6% in 2002 to 23.2% in 2010. Under the influence of regional development policy and the change in factor costs, growth in the labor and technology intensive industries was rapid in the central and southwestern regions, while resources and labor intensive industries were minimal in the eastern and southern coastal regions. In the trend that the labor costs continue to rise, increasing resource constraints, China must turn to a new mode of development, characterized by low resource consumption and low waste emission. All regions need to improve the export induced value-added structure, to achieve quality and efficiency improvement in export trade and regional economy. First, regions should improve the proportion of products and service of high-quality and high value-added, and promote industry chain export with products, technology and service.Second, regions need to reduce export costs, develop new markets, and expand trade scale through construction of new international trade channel. Third, regions have to continue to promote regional economic integration by strengthening and expanding regional cooperation. It will introduce technology and capital to the central and western regions from coastal regions, and lead the central and western regions to participate deeply in the global value chain.