生物炭类型对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响

Effects of biochar types on carbon pool in tobacco-planting soil and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

【目的】为研究不同材料来源生物炭对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶品质的影响。【方法】以云烟97为研究对象,于2013年在陕西汉中进行大田试验,试验设置四个处理:T1常规施肥;T2(T1+花生壳生物炭600 kg/hm2);T3(T1+稻壳生物炭600 kg/hm^2);T4(T1+麦秸生物炭600 kg/hm^2)。【结果】(1)施加生物炭后,土壤有机碳矿化速率、土壤水溶性碳、土壤易氧化有机碳、土壤碳库指数显著增加,但土壤微生物生物量碳含量下降。(2)施加生物炭能降低烟叶总糖、还原糖含量,降低烟叶钾氯比、糖碱比,但可以增加烟碱含量,提升烟叶两糖比。(3)花生壳生物炭对土壤易氧化活性有机碳含量和土壤碳库管理指数的提升效果最好,对土壤改良效果明显。同时,也提高了烟叶钾含量。(4)麦秸生物炭显著地增加了土壤全碳含量,但也增加了烟叶烟碱含量,对烟叶品质造成了一定的负面影响。【结论】施用生物炭有利于活化土壤碳库,但不同材料来源的生物炭对烟叶品质影响不同。

[Objectives]This paper aimed to study effect of biochar types on carbon pool in tobacco-planting soil and on flue-cured tobacco leaves quality. [Methods]We carried out the field experiment in 2013 at Hanzhong of Shanxi. The variety tested was Yunyan97. The experiment had four treatments, T1（conventional fertilizer）, T2（T1＋ peanut-shell-biochar 600 kg/hm^2）, T3（T1＋rice-husk-biochar 600 kg/hm^2）, T4（T1＋wheat-straw-biochar 600 kg/hm^2）. [Results]（1） Adding biochar leads to increased organic carbon mineralization rate, dissolved organic carbon content, easy oxidation active organic carbon content, soil total carbon content and soil carbon management index, and also leads to decrease of microbial biomass-carbon content.（2） Adding biochar can reduce total sugar, reducing sugar, K/Cl, and sugar to nicotine ratio of cured-leaves, but increase Nic content, and RS/TS.（3） Adding peanut-shell-biochar can increase easy oxidation active organic carbon and improve soil carbon management index. Adding peanut-shell-biochar can also increase K＋ content.（4） Adding wheatstraw-biochar can significantly increase soil total carbon content and Nic content of cured-leaves, exerting negative effect on quality of cured-leaves. [Conclusions] Adding biochar can activate soil carbon library, but different material source of biochar had different effects on tobacco leaf quality.