生产建设项目水土保持监管空间信息系统研究

Study on spatial information system for soil and water conservation supervision in production and construction projects

针对大量违法违规建设项目在施工期间脱离水行政主管部门监管而造成大量水土流失的问题,采用空间信息技术和系统构建方法,梳理生产建设项目水土保持监管业务,构建水土保持综合监管模型;以模型空间监管部分为核心设计与开发了覆盖生产建设项目地面扰动信息快速获取、在线分析、自动判别到项目管理全过程的天地一体化的生产建设项目水土保持监管空间信息系统。结果表明:系统在线监管模块可实现任意监管区域内所有建设项目扰动图斑的自动化提取、合规性判别分析,同时系统将空间叠加分析和Spark技术进行集成,实现了空间分析操作的批量处理;在线预警模块可根据在线监管模块提取和判别的结果为系统用户进行预警提示;查询统计模块支持用户及时了解某区域的项目建设情况,对水土保持措施配置等情况进行综合分析。系统监管手段将监管范围从某点位置扩大到了区域全覆盖,其监管过程效率较人工提高了至少3倍。用户利用该系统进行区域实时监管,可及时掌握项目情况并进行针对性的治理。

Aiming at the difficulties of severe soil and water loss caused by large number of illegal construction projects are not subject to supervision by the soil and water conservation institutions during the construction period,the management of soil and water conservation in production and construction projects is reviewed.A comprehensive supervision model of soil and water conservation is constructed by using the spatial information technology and the system construction methods.Furthermore,a space-earth integration water and soil conservation supervision spatial information system is designed and developed for the production and construction projects covering the whole process of the rapid capture of ground disturbance information,online analysis,automatic judgment and system management,which is centered at the spatial supervision part of the model,and emphatically studies automatic extraction and judgment algorithm of disturbing pattern spots.The results show that the online supervision module system can realize automatic extraction of disturbing pattern spots of all the construction projects within any of its regulation zones and compliance discriminant analysis.Besides,the system integrates spatial overlay analysis and Spark technology to achieve batch processing of spatial analysis operations;Online warning module can provide early warning prompts for system users according to the online supervision module extraction and judgment results;Query statistics module can support users to obtain timely regional project construction and analyze comprehensively the allocation of soil and water conservation measures and other conditions.By using system supervision means the range of supervision expands from certain points to the whole area and the efficiency of its regulatory process increased by more than 3 times.Inconclusion,the system can be used to conduct the real-time supervision of the region,master the project situation and carry out targeted governance.