石首鱼科海洋鱼类DNA条形码的构建

DNA Barcoding Application to Sciaenidae

为筛选石首科鱼类物种鉴定的最优DNA条形码,本试验对大黄鱼、小黄鱼、黄姑鱼和棘头梅童鱼4种鱼类71份样本的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)、线粒体控制区(D-loop)和16S rRNA 3种基因序列进行PCR扩增和测序,分析比较各基因序列比对鉴定能力、种内和种间差异、barcoding gap检验以及序列多态性。结果表明,3种候选DNA条形码序列的种间遗传距离均高于种内遗传距离,符合作为DNA条形码的基本要求。通过遗传差异和barcoding gap检验分析发现,COI和D-loop区适合作为鉴定大黄鱼、小黄鱼、黄姑鱼和棘头梅童鱼4种石首科鱼类的DNA条形码;16S rRNA基因存在一定的缺陷,但是D-loop区和16S rRNA基因序列可能存在比COI通用序列更为有效的DNA条形码区域。考虑引物通用性,推荐COI基因作为最适DNA条形码。本研究结果为海洋鱼类的快速鉴定提供了一定的参考依据。

In order to select a suitable DNA barcode for identification of Sciaenidae,seventy-one individuals,including Larimichthy crocea,Larimichthy polyactis,Nibea albiflor and Collichthy lucusus,were analyzed in this study. Three kinds of mitochondrion genes,COI,16 S rRNA and D-loop,were amplified and sequenced. Inter-specific and intraspecific divergence,barcoding gap and sequence diversity were compared among these four species. The results showed that three candidates could be used to identify Larimichthy crocea,Larimichthy polyactis,Nibea albiflor and Collichthy lucusus. COI and D-loop sequences were suitable for identifying these four species,16 S rRNA had some deficiencies while some DNA barcode regions of 16 S rRNA and D-loop sequences might be better candidates than the COI universal sequence. Considering primer versatility,the COI gene was recommended as the optimum DNA barcode. The study provided an important reference for the rapid identification of marine fish.