复合植物精油防霉剂对玉米霉菌及真菌毒素的控制效果

Study on the Anti-mould and Anti-mycotoxins Effects of Combined Essential Oils in Maize

为了验证复合植物精油防霉剂(肉桂醛∶柠檬醛∶丁香酚∶薄荷醇=3∶3∶2∶2,v/v/v/v)对玉米霉菌和真菌毒素的控制效果,评估其对玉米品质的影响,以市售玉米为原料,设置空白组、丙酸组及精油组三组处理,研究在自然条件下储藏360 d精油处理对玉米的防霉效果。结果表明,空白组玉米霉菌总数在储藏期呈现先上升后下降的趋势,储藏240 d时达到最大值(1 449.33 cfu·g-1);精油组对霉菌的抑制率达到89.0%,显著高于丙酸组(71.7%);精油组对黄曲霉、镰刀菌的抑制效果最显著,240 d时对2种菌的抑制率分别为99.4%和100.0%,丙酸组对2种菌的抑制率分别为82.6%和100.0%。储藏240 d时,空白组黄曲霉毒素B1和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇含量最大,精油组对2种毒素的抑制率分别为90.6%和66.0%。精油组能够保持玉米正常发芽能力,储藏360 d后玉米发芽率仍能达到85.0%,而空白组和丙酸组发芽率分别为61.3%和25.8%;精油组能够抑制玉米酸败,储藏360 d后脂肪酸值为35.2 mg KOH·100g-1,为空白组的57.4%。综上,复合植物精油防霉剂可有效防控玉米储藏过程中霉菌和真菌毒素污染,并具有保持玉米生理活性、阻控品质劣变的作用,在用量仅为丙酸1/10的情况下,其效果优于丙酸,表明该复合植物精油防霉剂是一种高效、优质的防霉剂,应用前景广阔。

To investigate control effects on maize mould and mycotoxin,and the physicochemical quality of maize during their storage,the anti-mildew effect of the mixtures of essential oils（Cinnamaldehyde∶ Citral∶ Eugenol∶ Menthol,3∶ 3∶ 2∶2,v/v/v/v） towards commercial maize,which was naturally stored for 1 year,was investigated. The synergistic effect was compared with the blank control group and propionic acid treated group. The results indicated that the changes of colony count showed a increasing trend at first and then decreased in the blank control group. On the 240 th day of storage,the total number of colonies reached to the maximum value of 1 449. 33 cfu·g-1. The inhibition rate of plant essential oils on the total number of fungi was 89. 0%,significantly higher than that of propionic acid group（71. 7%）.After treatment of essential oils,the colonies of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium were decreased by 99. 4% and100. 0%,respectively. In the group of propionic acid,the strains were decreased by 82. 6% and 100. 0%,respectively. The common mycotoxins were AFB1 and DON reached the biggest accumulation on the 240 th day of storage; with the treatment of essential oils,concentrations of AFB1 and DON were decreased by 90. 6% and 66. 0%,respectively.Germination rate of maize can be retained stably by essential oil fungicide. After treatment of essential oils,it would be about 85. 0% on the 360 th day of storage,while it was only 61. 3% and 25. 8% in black control group and propionic acid treated group,respectively. Meanwhile,essential oil can inhibit the spoilage of maize,in which it was only about35. 2 mg KOH·100 g-1,much less than the blank control group and propionic acid treated group. In summary,their synergistic effect of essential oils on the prevention and control of fungi infection and mycotoxins contamination was stronger than the treatment of propionic acid. The results of this study indicated that essential oil could be an efficient and quality fungicide with wide-spread applicability.