生态系统负面服务研究与城市问题诊断

ECOSYSTEM DISSERVICE RESEARCH INTO URBAN PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS

在中国城镇化率超过50%之后,＂城市双修＂成为了城市未来规划设计的核心趋势。然而,如何确定城市双修的范围和重点是一大难题。本文提议结合生态系统负面服务的相关研究,对城市问题进行诊断与评价。生态系统负面服务是与生态系统服务相对的概念,主要指生态系统对人类造成的不适或负面影响。同时,需要诊断分析其产生原因（自然状态与人工干预）、发生状态（实际现状与潜在能力）,以及影响程度（相对值与绝对值）。以生态系统负面服务框架为基础,可以在城市及地域尺度上对城市双修或城市更新重点问题做出系统性的梳理和评价,并分类归纳负面清单,进而从提升生态系统自身生态功能、降低负面服务、正负服务博弈等途径系统制定城市双修策略。

With the acceleration of urbanization rate over50%, the initiative of Ecological Restoration and Urban Regeneration tends to be the focus of future planning and design in China. However, how to identify where and what to be regenerated is challenging. This paper calls for the integration of ecosystem disservice（EDS） research into urban problem diagnosis. Ecosystem disservice is raised up in opposite to ecosystem services,referring to ecosystem＇s uncomfortable or negative influences to humans. The investigation of EDS should distinguish causes（natural factors and human intervention）, influenced status（actual disservices and latent disservices）, and influenced level（relative disservices and absolute disservices）.Using EDS as a diagnosing framework, cities could systematically analyze key issues and hotspots,summarize the checklist of disservices, and utilize varied strategies for solutions including enhancing services, mitigating disservices and tradeoff between services and disservices.