建筑策划的反思与完善：从前策划-后评估到全过程咨询

REFLECTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS ON ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING:PROGRAMMING AND POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION TO WHOLE-PROCESS CONSULTATION

＂建筑策划＂概念诞生于20世纪50年代,并于90年代引入中国,对中国的城镇化建设产生了积极影响。受访者庄惟敏自博士论文起就一直致力于建筑策划理论的研究,并先后出版了《建筑策划导论》《建筑策划与设计》等著作。近几年,其逐渐意识到＂策划-设计-施工-运营-后评估-策划＂闭环过程对于建筑创作的重要性。2017年9月,庄惟敏等人出版最新著作《后评估在中国》,也由此构建了＂前策划-后评估＂的完整研究体系。在对自身的塑造及对学生的培养中,其一直倡导＂全体论＂的发展方向,强调中国建筑师应具备符合国际要求的职业素质及知识储备。本文梳理了建筑策划、使用后评估、全体论等理论的发展历程,并评述了这些理论在中国的推行现状及相关举措,以形成对早期建筑策划理论的反思与完善。此外,其还特别指出,虽然评估与评论是两个不同的概念,但都属于建筑师应掌握的技能范畴。

The concept of Architectural Programming was proposed in the 1950 s, but has only guided China＇s urbanization since the 1990 s. The interviewee,Weimin Zhuang, studied architectural programming for his dissertation and has since published Architectural Programming Guide and Architectural Programming and Design. In recent years, he comes to emphasize that architects need to master the closed-loop process of ＂programming— design — construction — operation — post-occupancy evaluation —programming.＂ In September 2017, Zhuang and his co-authors published Post-Occupancy Evaluation in China, and formed the research methodology for ＂Architectural Programming and Post-Occupancy Evaluation.＂ For years, Zhuang argues for a ＂holistic approach＂ in education to both students and himself, and emphasizes the importance of Chinese architects to meet international professional standards. This article explores how the development of architectural programming, post-occupancy evaluation, and holistic approach has been adopted in China, and reveals reflections and suggestions for the improvement of architectural programming. Finally,Zhuang points out that architects are supposed to build the skills in both evaluation and criticism.