轮胎型真空室在核聚变装置上的设计与分析研究

Design and Analysis of Doughnut-Shaped Vacuum Chamber for Fusion Reactor

在磁约束核聚变装置中,真空室是一个非常重要的关键部件,它为高温等离子体提供洁净运行环境。KTX装置是一种反场箍缩核聚变装置,它有别于托卡马克装置和仿星器核聚变装置。目前核聚变装置上使用的真空室由多个虾米扇段通过焊接成环形真空室,此类型真空室焊缝数量多,焊缝距离长,焊接变形控制难度大。根据装置要求,KTX磁约束核聚变装置真空室设计为轮胎型结构,大半径为1.4 m,截面半径为0.4 m,真空度为1.5×10-6Pa,且具有易于进入维护和更换真空室内部部件功能。本论文针对KTX装置真空室设计要求和技术参数,对轮胎型真空室开展设计,在设计过程中,基于真空室各种运行工况,对真空室开展了热、电磁和结构相关方面分析计算,根据计算结果对真空室进行优化和验证。本类型真空室设计和分析方法为未来磁约束核聚变装置真空室设计研制提供参考和借鉴。

Herein,we reportedthe design,analysis,construction and test of thedoughnut-shaped vacuum chamber,housing high-temperature plasma and dedicated to the magnetic confinement fusion reactor in the lab-built Keda Torus Experimental system（ KTX） working in Reversed Field Pinch（ RFP） fusion mode. The newly-designed vacuum chamber,1. 4 m and 0. 4 m in diameter and cross-sectional radius,mainly included 12 pumping-ports/verticalsupports,two symmetrical hemi-torus chamber walls,and 35 different-sized feed-through/viewports. The thermal,electromagnetic and mechanical behavior under the operation conditions of the vacuum chamber were mathematically modeled,theoretically analyzed,numerically simulated and experimentally evaluated for design optimization and engineering commissioning. The preliminary results show that the torus vacuum chamber,at a base pressure of 1. 5 ×10-6 Pa,meets quite well the stringent KTX requirements. We suggest the novel torus vacuum chamber,with easy spare-part replacement and maintenance,be of some technological interest in design of advanced magnetic confinement fusion reactors.