性别视角下的汉代孝行

The Study of the Filial Conduct in Han Dynasty from the Viewpoint of Gender

汉代的儒家思想在不断地强化父权观念。但是,概览汉代文献,汉代的孝道实践却是孝母现象远远多于孝父现象。在性别视角的分析被引入史学研究后,研究汉代孝行中的性别问题,将有新的发现,即汉代的孝行有两个性别特点:一是孝子人数远远多于孝女和孝妇;二是孝子多孝母。究其原因,一是与男女的家庭角色不同有关;二是儒家的孝道观强调的是对父亲的礼尊,而母亲在生活中对孩子的辛勤抚养与慈爱,则使孩子更多地私尊母亲。这样就使得孩子对父亲的孝多体现在丧葬的礼制中,而对母亲的孝则更多地体现在日常的侍养中。

The Confucianism increasingly strengtliened the concept of patriarchy in Han Dynastdocuments of Han Dynasty, the practice of filial duty was Sar more to the mother than to the father. After the introduction of the analysis from gender viewpoint into the historical research, there are new discoveries in the study of the filial conduct in Han Dynasty, to be exact, two gender features： the number of dutiful sons was far daughters-in-law ; dutiful sons give more filial respect for mothers than fathers. As for the reasons, one was the different familyroles played by men and women ; the other was that Confucianism makes children give ritual respect for father and mother’s daily care makes children give personal respect for mother. As a result, children ’ s filial conduct to father was more shown in the funeral,while theirs to mother was more reflected in the daily care and attendance.