被害人二次被害与不当司法行为的成因及对策

The Causes and Countermeasures of the Victim's Secondary Victimization and Improper Judicial Act

由不当司法行为所造成的被害人二次被害,作为一种隐性的司法现象,应当引起学界广泛关注。被害人二次被害一般是由社会因素或司法因素所导致的心理伤害,其中司法因素即指不当司法行为对被害人的侵犯。不当司法行为作为一种与司法人员职责要求和职业规范相悖而应承担责任的实际不当行为,造成被害人诉权实现受阻,人格尊严受到侵犯。不当司法行为造成被害人二次被害,是由法律规定缺失与粗糙、司法功利化的不良倾向以及公力救济为主的刑事司法格局对被害人排斥三方面原因所致。为尽量避免这种二次被害,可从预防的角度细化司法人员的行为规范,赋予被害人充分的程序性权利,提升司法人员被害人保护意识。从补救的角度完善控告、惩戒与赔偿机制。

As a recessive judicial phenomenon,the victim's secondary victimization by the improper judicial act should get widespread concern from the academic world. The secondary victimization is the psychological damage usually caused by social factors and judicial factors,namely the violation of victim by improper judicial act. In order to avoid this kind of secondary victimization,the code of conduct of judicial personnel should be refined from the perspective of prevention,the victim should be given full procedural rights to,and the judicial personnel should promote the protection awareness of the victim. And the mechanism of accusation,punishment and compensation should be perfected from the angle of remediation.