氮肥施用比例对油菜芝麻复种模式产量和品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen application ratio on yield and quality of rapeseed-sesame multiple cropping pattern

为了探索长江中下游地区旱地油菜芝麻复种模式的高效施肥技术,以华油杂9号和赣芝5号为材料,研究6个氮肥施用比例[P_0(油菜∶芝麻)=0∶0;P_1=157.5∶67.5;P_2=180.0∶45.0;P_3=202.5∶22.5;P_4=225.0∶0;P_5=180.0∶45.0(含油菜枯饼1 500)kg/hm^2]对油菜和芝麻产量、品质、氮肥利用率的影响。结果显示,施氮处理的油菜和芝麻总产量都显著高于对照(P_0),但是5个施氮处理间的总产量和氮肥利用率都无显著差异;P_3处理总产量(3 053.9kg/hm^2)、总效益(25 335.4元/hm^2)、氮肥农学利用率(4.1kg/kg)、偏生产力(13.6kg/kg)均最高,其中总产量和总效益较对照(P_0)分别显著增加了42.79%和55.08%。油菜主茎籽粒的含油量高于分枝;而籽粒蛋白质含量表现刚好相反,其中主茎的蛋白质含量受氮肥用量影响明显。虽然P_3处理的芝麻种子中芝麻素、芝麻林素、芝麻酚含量都较其他处理明显降低,但是油菜和芝麻的含油量与蛋白质含量都保持较高水平。综上所述,当氮肥分配比例为202.5∶22.5(kg/hm^2)(P_3)时,既能够保持较高的油菜和芝麻总产量和氮肥利用率,又具有较优的品质,是减氮条件下油菜芝麻复种模式的适宜氮肥分配比例。

To optimize fertilization of rapeseed-sesame multiple cropping pattern in the middle and lower regions along Yangtze River,rapeseed cultivar Huayouza 9 and sesame cultivar Ganzhi 5 were used to study the effects of nitrogen application on yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency in field. 6 nitrogen application ratios（ rapeseed∶ sesame） were as follows： P_0= 0∶ 0,P_1= 157. 5∶ 67. 5,P_2= 180. 0∶ 45. 0,P_3= 202. 5∶ 22. 5,P_4= 225. 0∶ 0,P_5= 180. 0∶ 45. 0（ including rapeseed cake 1 500） kg/hm2. Results indicated that rapeseed and sesame yields of 5 nitrogen treatments were significantly higher than that of control（ P_0）,but the total yield and nitrogen use efficiency among 5 nitrogen treatments had no significant difference. The highest total yield（ 3 053. 9 kg/hm2）,total income（ 25 335. 4 yuan/hm2）,agronomic efficiency（ 4. 1 kg/kg）,partial productivity efficiency（ 13. 6 kg/kg）were obtained under P_3 condition. Compared with control（ P_0）,the total yield and income significantly increased by 42. 79% and 55. 08% respectively. Seed oil content of the main stem in rapeseed was higher than that of branches,while opposite result was found for protein content. Furthermore,rapeseed protein content of the main stem was obviously affected by the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application. On the other hand,the contents of sesamin,sesamolin and lignan of P_3 treatment were significantly lower than that of other treatments,but oil and protein content of both conditon rapeseed and sesame maintained at relatively higher levels. Therefore,under 202. 5 ∶ 22. 5 nitrogen distribution,it not only maintained a higher yield,nitrogen use efficiency and seed quality of rapeseed and sesame,but also optimized rapeseed-sesame multiple cropping under decreasing nitrogen condition.